In a variable annuity, the contract owner bears the investment risk because contract values are tied to the performance of selected investment options held in a separate account. If those investments perform well, the accumulation value may increase. If they decline, the account value may decrease. The insurer does not guarantee a fixed return on the separate-account portion of the contract, although the contract may include certain insurance guarantees, such as a death-benefit feature or optional living benefits.
This is the central distinction between fixed and variable annuities. A fixed annuity generally credits interest at a guaranteed minimum rate and may declare additional interest under the contract terms. The insurer bears the investment risk for its general account. A variable annuity offers market-based investment choices and transfers market risk to the owner. Because variable annuity values are securities-linked, the producer must also satisfy applicable securities-registration and licensing requirements in addition to life insurance authority.
The suitability analysis is important. Variable annuities may be appropriate for a consumer seeking long-term growth potential who understands market volatility and has an appropriate time horizon. They are not automatically appropriate for a person who requires principal stability, liquidity, or predictable fixed returns.
References/topics from the Study Guide: Fixed Annuities; Variable Annuities; Separate Accounts; General Accounts; Investment Risk; Suitability.
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