During initial project scoping, a data model, particularly a conceptual or logical model, helps define the scope by identifying which data entities are affected or unaffected by the project. The DAMA-DMBOK states: “Data models are used in project scoping to define the boundaries of the data domain, identifying affected entities and their relationships to ensure alignment with business requirements” (DMBOK2, Chapter 5: Data Modeling and Design, p. 181).

Other options are less accurate: A is too broad, as models support but don’t directly determine process impacts; B involves detailed physical modeling, not initial scoping; C relates to metadata management; and E pertains to security, not scoping.