Charles is the candidate whose methodology represents fundamental analysis. Fundamental analysis attempts to determine the intrinsic or underlying value of a security by examining economic, industry, and company-specific information.

The analyst may evaluate economic growth, interest rates, competitive conditions, industry trends, corporate revenue, profitability, cash flow, balance-sheet strength, management quality, and prospective earnings. These factors are then used to assess whether a security appears undervalued or overvalued relative to its market price.

Charles is specifically described as estimating stock value using economic factors, which is consistent with this approach.

Boris and Dakota are using methodologies associated with technical analysis. Studying historical stock prices and trading volume, together with examining charts, patterns, and trends, focuses on market behaviour rather than the underlying economic value of the business.

Annabelle's emphasis on investor behaviour is more closely associated with behavioural finance, which examines psychological influences and biases affecting investment decisions and market behaviour.

Fundamental analysis therefore differs from technical analysis by focusing primarily on the issuer's economic and financial characteristics rather than patterns contained in historical market-price data.

FPII reference/topic: Investment and Tax Planning — fundamental analysis; technical analysis; behavioural finance; intrinsic value.

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