A defined benefit pension plan promises a retirement benefit determined by a formula, commonly based on earnings, service, and an accrual rate. The member can estimate retirement income with greater certainty, subject to plan terms and funding rules. A defined contribution plan specifies contributions to an account; the eventual retirement income depends on contributions, investment returns, fees, annuity rates or withdrawal decisions, and longevity. Option A reverses the distinction. Option C is inaccurate because defined benefit plans are employer-sponsored arrangements with plan governance and funding obligations. Option D is wrong because defined contribution members bear significant investment and longevity risk unless they later purchase an annuity or otherwise transfer risk. For planning purposes, the distinction affects retirement projections, RRSP room through pension adjustments, asset allocation, risk capacity, and income sustainability. A planner must not treat all pensions alike; the type of pension determines both certainty of income and the risks remaining with the client. References/topics: defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans, pension risk, retirement projections.

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