In the CompTIA Tech+ Study Guide (Exam FC0-U71, 3rd Edition, 2025), an array is described as:

“An array is a data structure that stores multiple values of the same data type under a single variable name. Each value in the array can be accessed using an index or key. Arrays are commonly used to organize related sets of data such as names, numbers, or records that share a common context.”

The guide illustrates how arrays can hold tabular data, similar to a spreadsheet or database table:

“Arrays let programmers store data in a table-like format, using rows and columns to represent related values, such as months and corresponding totals. This makes it easier to manage and manipulate structured data programmatically.”

In contrast:

A constant is a fixed value that cannot change during program execution.

A function performs an operation or returns a value based on parameters.

A variable holds a single value that can change.

Since the dataset represents multiple related values (Food and Drinks) across months in a table structure, it is an array.

Verified Reference from CompTIA Tech+ Study Guide, Exam FC0-U71 (3rd Edition, 2025):

Chapter 6: Software Development Concepts — “Data Types and Structures” section (pages 371–372).

Exam Objective 6.2 — Recognize basic programming structures such as arrays and variables.