Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) enables multiple optical signals to be transmitted simultaneously on different wavelengths over a single fiber, allowing:
B: Efficient bandwidth expansion without laying new fiber infrastructure.
C: Topology flexibility and service protection using built-in features like optical protection switching, automatic fault detection, and self-healing rings.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: Oversubscription of bandwidth applies more to packet-based networks, not DWDM optical layer.
D: Chromatic dispersion is managed but not an inherent “intelligent” feature in DWDM.
E: Service protection at the DWDM layer operates independently of upper layer protocols.
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