The type of attack that is prevented by configuring file reputation filtering and file analysis features is zero-day. Zero-day attacks are those that exploit unknown vulnerabilities in software or systems before they are patched or fixed. File reputation filtering and file analysis features help to protect against zero-day attacks by checking the reputation of files attached to email messages and sending them to a cloud-based service for dynamic analysis.
References: Securing Email with Cisco Email Security Appliance (SESA) v3.1, Module 9: Using Advanced Malware Protection, Lesson 1: Configuring File Reputation Filtering and File Analysis
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