Manual systems rely on staff to physically move materials, such as lifting or carrying. The CIPS L3M6 syllabus distinguishes this from automated (technology-driven) and mechanized (equipment-aided) systems, making it the correct answer.
[Reference: CIPS L3M6 Socially Responsible Warehousing and Distribution, Learning Outcome 3 (LO3) – Understand methods for the storage and movement of inventory., ________________________________________]
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