Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are emitted by materials during and after installation, impacting indoor air quality. Epoxy paint (A) contains high VOC levels due to solvents and resins, often exceeding 100 g/L even in low-VOC formulations. Vinyl wallcovering (C) involves adhesives and PVC, typically emitting 10-50 g/L of VOCs. Ceramic tile (B), made from natural clay and fired at high temperatures, has negligible VOC emissions (often 0 g/L) since it requires minimal adhesive and no volatile finishes. Thus, ceramic tile is the lowest emitter among the options, aligning with sustainable design goals.
Verified Answer from Official Source:B - ceramic tile
"Ceramic tile has the lowest VOC emissions among common interior finishes, as it is an inert material requiring minimal adhesives and no volatile coatings." (NCIDQ IDPX Study Guide, Section 2: Materials and Finishes)
Explanation from Official Source:The NCIDQ emphasizes that designers must select materials like ceramic tile to minimize VOCs and improve indoor air quality, a key sustainability criterion.
Objectives:
Evaluate materials for environmental impact (IDPX Objective 2.5).
[References:NCIDQ IDPX Study Guide, Chapter 2: Materials and Finishes; USGBC LEED Guidelines., ]
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