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Integrity refers to the accuracy, consistency, and validity of data over its lifecycle. It ensures that the data has not been altered or corrupted in unauthorized ways and remains trustworthy for use.

Traditional SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) systems are designed to provide aggregation, normalization, correlation, and alerting of log and event data from various sources within an organization's network. These functions help identify potential security incidents, providing security teams with the necessary information to investigate and respond to threats effectively.

sha256sum: This tool calculates the SHA-256 hash of a file, which can be used for integrity verification by comparing the hash value with a known, trusted value.

md5sum: This tool calculates the MD5 hash of a file, which can also be used to verify its integrity by checking against a known hash value.

md5deep: This is a tool that provides recursive MD5 hash calculation, which can be useful for verifying the integrity of multiple files at once.

Bro (now known as Zeek): This is an open-source network monitoring tool that can be used as an IDS to analyze traffic and detect suspicious activity.

Snort: Snort is a widely used open-source IDS that can detect and prevent network intrusions by analyzing network traffic.

Suricata: Suricata is an open-source IDS/IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) that provides high-performance intrusion detection and network security monitoring.

The Statement of Applicability (SOA) document is a fundamental part of the ISO/IEC 27000 series, specifically within the context of ISO/IEC 27001. It outlines the security controls that are relevant and applicable to the organization’s information security management system (ISMS), and it helps to demonstrate how the organization is addressing the information security risks identified.

RAW(DD): This format is a sector-by-sector copy of a disk and is commonly used for evidence collection in digital forensics.

E01: The E01 format is a popular disk image format that includes features like compression, encryption, and hash verification, commonly used in evidence collection.

AFF: The Advanced Forensic Format (AFF) is another disk image format used in forensics, offering features like compression and metadata.

Nessus is a widely used vulnerability management and assessment tool. It scans systems for known vulnerabilities, missing patches, and configuration issues, providing reports that help organizations assess their security posture and prioritize remediation efforts.